PDCA循环在消化道肿瘤伴糖尿病患者营养全程管理中的效果观察

目的 探讨PDCA 循环在消化道肿瘤伴糖尿病患者营养全程管理中的效果观察。方法 运用PDCA循环对80例不同程度营养不良的消化道肿瘤伴糖尿病患者实施营养全程管理,比较干预前后患者的体重、BMI指数、糖化血红蛋白、血红蛋白、总蛋白、白蛋白及球蛋白水平。结果 患者血红蛋白、总蛋白、白蛋白及球蛋白水平均有提高,比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 PDCA循环管理在消化道肿瘤伴糖尿病患者营养全程管理中有较大的优势, 值得推广。     

一例分化型甲状腺癌患者健康管理全科医生教学案例分析

甲状腺癌已成为北京市增长较快的恶性肿瘤。本文通过介绍1例由全科医生首诊、术后连续随访4年的分化型甲状腺癌患者的诊疗经过，采用临床案例教学方法，重点关注甲状腺结节良恶性的鉴别，全科医生接诊甲状腺结节患者的诊治流程及对甲状腺癌患者术后长期监测、健康管理的内容，引导患者规范诊治，以期为逐步实现甲状腺癌患者个体化、不同风险分层的高质量管理，提高在职全科医生、全科医学专业住院医师规范化培训的学员对甲状腺结节、分化型甲状腺癌患者的规范诊治水平，提供参考。     

PBL教学法在中医急诊学教学中的运用分析

目的分析PBL教学法在中医急诊学教学中的运用效果。方法2018年3月-2018年6月选取本校2016级针推专升本学生68名进行调查,采用随机数字表法将其分为2组,各34名,观察组采取PBL教学法,对照组采取传统讲授法,对比2组学生的理论、实践考核成绩,并通过调查问卷评价学生对教学方法的认可程度。结果实施教学后,观察组学生理论、实践考核成绩较对照组学生明显提高(P<0.05)。相比于对照组,观察组学生在培养学习兴趣、提升学习技巧、增强合作能力、创新思维方式的层面上对教学方法的认可程度普遍较高(P<0.05)。结论采取PBL法实施中医急诊学教学有助于提升临床教学效果和质量。     

距骨骨软骨损伤采用踝关节镜下微骨折手术及自体骨软骨移植术的疗效对比

目的:对比分析踝关节镜下微骨折手术和自体骨软骨移植术治疗距骨骨软骨损伤的临床疗效及影响。方法:将某院收治的112例距骨骨软骨损伤患者,随机分为微骨折手术组和自体骨软骨移植术组,各56例,比较两组患者的前后踝关节VAS、AOFAS踝-后足评分、临床疗效和复发情况。结果:两组治疗前VAS评分、AOFAS踝关节评分、并发症发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者的踝关节VAS均有所下降,AOFAS踝关节评分均升高,且微骨折术组踝关节VAS高于移植术组,但AOFAS踝关节评分较低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。微骨折术组治疗总有效率明显高于移植术组。结论:踝关节镜下微骨折术相对自体骨软骨移植术治疗距骨骨软骨损伤,疗效显著,值得在临床借鉴。     

益气活血通络方下调TGF-β/ERK信号通路对蛛网膜下腔出血大鼠的神经保护作用

目的探讨益气活血通络方对蛛网膜下腔出血大鼠TGF-β/ERK信号通路的影响及神经保护作用。方法 SD大鼠随机分为假手术组,模型组,益气活血通络方5、10、15 g/kg组和尼莫地平组,除假手术组外,其余各组建立蛛网膜下腔出血模型大鼠,分组处理后,各组大鼠进行神经功能缺损评分;以伊文思蓝染料外渗实验检测大鼠血脑屏障通透性;以TUNEL染色检测大鼠脑皮质神经细胞凋亡情况;以酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平;以蛋白免疫印迹法检测大鼠脑皮质组织TGF-β/ERK通路相关蛋白TGF-β1、p-ERK/ERK表达情况。结果与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠神经功能缺损评分、伊文思蓝渗出量、TUNEL阳性细胞比例、血清IL-6、TNF-α水平、TGF-β1表达、p-ERK/ERK明显升高(P0.05)。与模型组相比,益气活血通络方5、10、15 g/kg组和尼莫地平组大鼠神经功能缺损评分、伊文思蓝渗出量、TUNEL阳性细胞比例、血清IL-6、TNF-α水平、TGF-β1表达和p-ERK/ERK水平明显降低(P0.05),且益气活血通络方各组呈剂量相关性,益气活血通络方15 g/kg组与尼莫地平组相比,各指标比较差异无统计学意义。结论益气活血通络方可下调TGF-β/ERK信号,保护蛛网膜下腔出血大鼠神经功能。     

岗位价值评估在A医院人力资源管理过程的应用

探讨岗位价值评估方法在医院人力资源的管理过程中的应用和意义。采用国际岗位价值评估系统(IPE)对A医院现有140个岗位进行岗位价值评估,并利用岗位评分对人力资源管理问题进行剖析。A医院岗位评估分数的总趋势和总分布结果显示,岗位评估分值曲线现呈较平滑的递减趋势,这表明A医院职能处室内部各类岗位的岗位价值不存在明显差异。从各个职能处室内部来看,内部岗位评价结果分布比较均匀,说明部门内部分工相对合理。岗位价值评价有助于增强医院薪酬分配的公平性,提高薪酬的激励性,也有利于优化医院管理制度,推动医院可持续发展。     

脑血管畸形致脑出血患者手术治疗效果观察

目的分析脑血管畸形致脑出血患者应用手术治疗的临床疗效。方法纳入本院2018年1月—2020年1月收治的60例脑血管畸形致脑出血患者,随机分组(每组样本容量共计30例),参照组给予保守治疗,观察组给予手术治疗,对比两组临床疗效、治疗前、治疗1月后NIHSS评分、住院时间。结果临床总有效率观察组(93.33%)明显高于参照组(63.33%),观察组治疗1月后NIHSS评分明显低于参照组,观察组住院时间明显比参照组短,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论脑血管畸形致脑出血患者采纳手术治疗,可有效减轻患者神经功能受损情况,缩短治疗时间。     

Three opportunities for standardization: A literature review of the variation among pharmacists’ patient care services terminology

BackgroundVariation describing pharmacists’ patient care services exist, and this variation contributes to the prevalent misunderstanding of pharmacists' roles. In contrast, standard phraseology is a critical practice among highly reliable organizations and a way to reduce variation and confusion.ObjectiveThis work aims to identify and define pharmacists’ patient care service terms to identify redundancies and opportunities for standardization.MethodsBetween May to August 2018, terms and definitions were searched via PubMed, Google Scholar and statements/policies of professional pharmacy organizations. Two references per term were sought to provide an “early definition” and a “contemporary definition.” Only literature published in English was included, and data gathered from each citation included the date published, the term's definition, and characterization of the reference's source as either a regulatory or professional body. A five-person expert panel used an iterative technique to revise and verify the list of included terms and subsequent literature review results. Terms were then searched in the National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Heading Database (MeSH) in July, 2019.ResultsThere are fifteen commonly misunderstood terms that refer to the patient care services provided by pharmacists. The appearance of these terms in the literature spanned nearly five decades. Nearly half of terms appeared first in regulatory, law or policy documents; of these, two terms had contemporary definitions appearing in the professional literature that differed from their early regulatory definition. Three opportunities to improve standardization include: (1) Implementation of standardized phraseology systems similar to nursing's Clinical Care Classification System; (2) Academics' adherence to standardized MeSH terms; and (3) Clarification of pharmacy education accreditation standards.ConclusionNumerous terms are used to describe pharmacists' patient care services, with many definitions of terms overlapping in several key components. The profession has made concerted efforts to consolidate and standardize terminology in the past, but more opportunities exist.     

Posaconazole therapeutic drug monitoring in clinical practice and longitudinal analysis of the effect of routine laboratory measurements on posaconazole concentrations

Posaconazole is indicated for prophylaxis and treatment of invasive aspergillosis. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of posaconazole is used to optimise drug exposure. The aim of this study was to analyse and describe the TDM practices and exposure of posaconazole tablets. Patients who received posaconazole for treatment or prophylaxis of fungal infections were included in the study. The following therapeutic window was defined: if concentration was low (<0.7 mg/L for prophylaxis or < 1.5 mg/L for treatment) or high (>3.75 mg/L), the hospital pharmacist provided the physician with dosage advice, which implementation to patient care was analysed. A longitudinal analysis was performed to analyse if different confounding variables had an effect on posaconazole concentrations. Forty‐seven patients were enrolled resulting in 217 posaconazole trough concentrations. A median of 3 (IQR 1‐7) samples was measured per patient. The median concentration was 1.7 mg/L (IQR 0.8‐2.7) for prophylaxis and 1.76 mg/L (IQR 1.3‐2.3) for treatment. Overall, 78 posaconazole concentrations were out of the therapeutic window. For 45 (54%) of these concentrations, a dosage change was recommended. In the longitudinal analysis, the laboratory markers and patient baseline variables did not have an effect on posaconazole concentrations. Adequate posaconazole exposure was shown in 64% (affected 28 patients) of the measured concentrations. TDM practice of posaconazole can be improved by increasing the implementation rate of dose recommendation by a multidisciplinary antifungal stewardship team.     

程序性死亡受体1和程序性死亡受体配体1在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达情况及临床意义

目的探讨程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)和程序性死亡受体配体1(PD-L1)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中的表达情况及临床意义。方法选择150例NSCLC患者的NSCLC组织及其癌旁组织,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测两种组织中PD-1 mRNA和PD-L1 mRNA的相对表达量。采用免疫组织化学染色法检测NSCLC组织中PD-1和PD-L1的表达情况,分析PD-1和PD-L1表达情况与患者临床特征的关系。采用流式细胞术检测NSCLC组织和癌旁组织中CD4^+-PD-1、CD8^+-PD-1、CD14^+-PD-L1、CD68^+-PD-L1的表达水平。结果NSCLC组织中PD-1 mRNA和PD-L1 mRNA的相对表达量分别为(5.03±1.92)和(4.95±1.09),分别高于癌旁组织的(1.72±0.81)和(1.25±0.24),差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、低分化、有淋巴结转移、有远处转移的NSCLC患者NSCLC组织中PD-1和PD-L1的高表达率均明显高于TNM分期为Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、高+中分化、无淋巴结转移、无远处转移的患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。NSCLC组织中CD4^+-PD-1、CD8^+-PD-1、CD14^+-PD-L1、CD68^+-PD-L1的表达水平均明显高于癌旁组织,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。结论PD-1和PD-L1在NSCLC组织中高表达,可能成为一种新的生物标志物,PD-1/PD-L1信号通路可能参与了NSCLC的免疫逃逸过程,对其逃逸机制进行研究可以为NSCLC患者的临床治疗提供新靶点。